The log file does not indicate that something is wrong with the installation.
the program window do not appear on the screen even if the process is running
Maybe the program is showed in a position outside you screen.
There is a file which tells where the window should show up. This file is a bit tricky to find but here is how to do it.
The same way as before... This time type "%localappdata%\microbit_2.0_ab and press Enter.
You should see one or more folders starting with RRCMicro.exe_Url followed by a bunch of characters.
In the newest of those folders you will find one or more folders with version numbers.
In the folder 1.5.1 you will find a file called user.config.
Send that file to me. You can send it to me as a message
I have attached some images showing how to find the file